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              <text>Hon. John P. Green&#13;
Hon. John P. Green was born in 1845 at New Berne, N.C., of free parents. As a boy of twelve years of age, he went with his widowed mother to Cleveland, Ohio. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the Central High School in 1869.&#13;
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                  <text>From the first sightings of land in the West Indies through the end of the eighteenth century, there was a constant demand for maps of the newfound lands on the western Atlantic. Until the early decades of the nineteenth century, most maps were the products of English and Continental (Dutch, German and French) cartographers and engravers, who often based their maps on explorer’s reports and mariner’s charts. Beyond their use for navigation, commerce and military affairs, maps had other functions. They recorded the progress of the European settlement of North America. They documented the borders between the colonies. And they provided a relatively inexpensive means of household decoration. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Newspaper advertisements for the colonial period indicate that maps were available in single sheets or bound in atlases or occasionally in magazines. Before the eighteenth century, private ownership of maps and charts implied a learned and accomplished status that was usually limited to men of wealth and power involved in trade, government or education. After 1700, there was greater economic diversity in map ownership. Maps can be found in the inventories and personal papers of colonial American mariners, millwrights, tradesmen, merchants, plantation owners, clergy, government officials, military officers and tradesmen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The map collection at Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp;amp; Gardens focuses on printed maps of the new world, with a special emphasis on maps depicting the Carolinas from the period of discovery to the Revolutionary War. This group includes examples of the work of some of the most important British and Continental cartographers and engravers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. There are maps by William Janszoon Blaeu and Nicolas Sanson of Amsterdam, Jean Baptiste Homann of Nuremberg, and John Senex, Herman Moll, J. or T. Hinton, Thomas Jefferys, John Collet, Thomas Kitchin and Henry Mouzon of London. A second, smaller group of maps records changes in county boundaries in the State of North Carolina from the late eighteenth century to the Civil War. The collection also contains a number of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century surveys and topographical maps of New Bern and Craven County. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catalog entries include both a short title reference and the full title including any dedication. Size is given in inches for paper, plate and image (measured from the outer edge of the neat line); measurements are always taken along the left edge and bottom of the print. Insets are treated in the same manner as the primary image. Significant features are noted in the description. Biographical information on the cartographer or engraver is included when possible.</text>
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                <text>L'Asie…</text>
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Scenes (clockwise from upper left corner) include: “”Prise de Damiette;” “Conquête de la Chine par les Tartares Occidentaux;” “ La Mort de Saint Francois Xavier;” “Sacrifice de Noe a la Sortie de L’Apache;” “Division de la Terre Pap des Enfans da Noe;” “Election d’Abraham;” “Tour de Babel Confusion des Langues;” “Victoire de Tamerlan;” “Imposture de Mahomet;” “Invention de la Croix;” “Le 1er Concile General de Nicée;” “Prise de Jerusalem parles Romains;” “Matyre de la’Apostre St Thomas;” “Descente du St Esprit;” “Notre Seigneur J.C Crucifie;” “Naissance de Notre Seigneur J. C.;” “Sacerdoce de Melchise de Ch[illeg.];” “Monarchie des Romains;” “Monarchie des Grecs;” “Ester;” “Prise de Troye;” “Le Temple de Salomon;” “Prise de Babilonne par Cyrus;” “Festin Sacrilege de Balthasar, et Sa Puniton;” “Judith Co[missing] la Tete a Holopherne;” Dieu Donne  sa Loix aux Israelites;” “Chasteté de Joseph;” “Sacrifice d’Abraham;” “Destruction de Sodome;” “Prise de Jerusalem par les Croisez.”</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History.”</text>
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                <text>See also Daudet’s “Map of Europe” (TP.1957.049.018A).</text>
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                  <text>From the first sightings of land in the West Indies through the end of the eighteenth century, there was a constant demand for maps of the newfound lands on the western Atlantic. Until the early decades of the nineteenth century, most maps were the products of English and Continental (Dutch, German and French) cartographers and engravers, who often based their maps on explorer’s reports and mariner’s charts. Beyond their use for navigation, commerce and military affairs, maps had other functions. They recorded the progress of the European settlement of North America. They documented the borders between the colonies. And they provided a relatively inexpensive means of household decoration. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Newspaper advertisements for the colonial period indicate that maps were available in single sheets or bound in atlases or occasionally in magazines. Before the eighteenth century, private ownership of maps and charts implied a learned and accomplished status that was usually limited to men of wealth and power involved in trade, government or education. After 1700, there was greater economic diversity in map ownership. Maps can be found in the inventories and personal papers of colonial American mariners, millwrights, tradesmen, merchants, plantation owners, clergy, government officials, military officers and tradesmen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The map collection at Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp;amp; Gardens focuses on printed maps of the new world, with a special emphasis on maps depicting the Carolinas from the period of discovery to the Revolutionary War. This group includes examples of the work of some of the most important British and Continental cartographers and engravers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. There are maps by William Janszoon Blaeu and Nicolas Sanson of Amsterdam, Jean Baptiste Homann of Nuremberg, and John Senex, Herman Moll, J. or T. Hinton, Thomas Jefferys, John Collet, Thomas Kitchin and Henry Mouzon of London. A second, smaller group of maps records changes in county boundaries in the State of North Carolina from the late eighteenth century to the Civil War. The collection also contains a number of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century surveys and topographical maps of New Bern and Craven County. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catalog entries include both a short title reference and the full title including any dedication. Size is given in inches for paper, plate and image (measured from the outer edge of the neat line); measurements are always taken along the left edge and bottom of the print. Insets are treated in the same manner as the primary image. Significant features are noted in the description. Biographical information on the cartographer or engraver is included when possible.</text>
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                <text>Colored, engraved map made of two joined sheets:“L’Europe Divisée Selon L’Etendue de Ses Principaux Etats Et subdivisés en leurs principales Provinces Dressèes sur differents memoires. (Translation: Europe divided according to the scope of its principal states subdivided into their principal provinces set out according to various recollections) [cartouche, upper left] | A Lyon Chez Daudet rue mercierre 1752. [lower left, outside neat line]  A series of thirty colored vignettes of historical scenes surround the map. Each is identified by a French text.&#13;
Historical scenes (clockwise from upper left corner) include: “Fondation de Rome;” “Commencement du Senat; “Commencement de s’Emperurs Romans;” “Victoire de Constantin;” Charlemagne L’Empereur d’Occident;” “Presage de L’Empire des Grecs;” “De la Monarchie des François;” “Du Royaume d’Espagne;” “Des Royaumes d’Angleterre;” “Abjuration de Henri IV;” “Fondation de Constantinople;” “ Du Royaume de Lombardie;” “Batéme de Clovis;” “ Premier Triomphe de l’Englise;” “La Republique d’Holland; “Premier Conclave des Cardinaus;” “Monarchie d’Espangne dans Lam de France;” “Des XIII Cantons Suisses;” “Suede;” “La Pologne;” “Du d’Anemarck; “ “ De la Republique de Venise;” “De la Moscovie;” “ Du  Royaume d’Ecosse;” “Establissment du College Electoral;” “ Prise de Constantinople par les Turcs;” “Premier Royaume d’Europe;” “Rome Sacqee par Alaric;” “Arivée d’Enee en Italie;” and “La Ville d’Athenes.”</text>
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                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History.”</text>
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                <text>See also Daudet’s “Map of Asia” (TP.1957.049.018B).</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains a variety of items from the Kellenberger Room about the Revolutionary War era. Included are books about the period as well as biographies of leading figures. Programs and souvenirs of past celebrations from the Bicentennial celebration are also presented. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Be sure to check the tag "&lt;a href="https://kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/items/browse?tags=America%27s+250th"&gt;America's 250th&lt;/a&gt;" to find other items not listed in the main collection.</text>
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                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library is required for any commercial use.</text>
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                <text>Maryland and North Carolina in the Campaign of 1780-1781 With A Preliminary Notice of the Earlier Battles of the Revolution, In Which the Troops of the Two States Won Distinction</text>
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                <text>This book was put together by the Maryland Historical Society in 1892 to commemorate both Maryland soldiers and North Carolinian Soldiers for their contribution for the Revolutionary effort.</text>
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                <text>Daves, Edward Graham, 1833-1894</text>
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                <text>Maryland Historical Society</text>
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                <text>14 November 1892</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22662">
                <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library is required for any commercial use.&#13;
&#13;
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                    <text>In Memoriam, John A. Guion, M.D., New Bern, N.C., 1819-1894</text>
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              <text>DIED&#13;
&#13;
IN NEW BERN, N. C., ON WEDNESDAY, THE&#13;
14TH DAY OF MARCH, 1894,&#13;
&#13;
JOHN  AMOS GUION, M.D.,&#13;
&#13;
IN THE 78TH YEAR OF HIS AGE.&#13;
&#13;
So passed from among us into the rest of life eternal, a gentleman, upright, honorable and just, cultivated and accomplished, a cit­izen of usefulness, prominence and of good report, the last of a family of three brothers, and of three brothers and two sisters of the half blood, who reached the years of manhood and womanhood; a family of dis­tinguished lineage, members of which have been eminent as citizens of New Bern, and elsewhere in North Carolina, for more than a century. It is a pathetic incident that the day of his death was also the 51st anniversary of the marriage of Dr. John A. Guion.&#13;
&#13;
The first of the name of Guion, --which in time past was sometimes spelled GUYON,--of whom we have knowledge, was Louis Guion, a Huguenot refugee, who fled, with so many others of his faith, from La Rochelle in France, to escape persecution on account of religion, about the year 1674. La Rochelle was a stronghold and one of the chief cities of the Huguenots. Beautifully situated in the Southwest of France, its history,--especially during the time of the so-called religious wars in France, extending, with short intervals of peace, over a period of more than a hundred years, (1560-1685),--is full of interest. In the 17th Century the city was besieged by an army of the famous Cardinal Richelieu, and succumbed only after a most heroic defence by its inhabitants.&#13;
&#13;
Louis Guion went first to England with his family, coming afterwards to America, where he arrived in 1687, and settled in New Rochelle, West Chester County, New York. New Rochelle, named in honor of the old home in France, was for many years the principal settlement of the Huguenots in our Northern States. It is the birth-place of many distinguished men,--among others of John Jay. at one time President of the Continental Congress, and the first Chief Justice of the United States under the Constitution.&#13;
&#13;
Isaac Guion, son of Louis, is said to have been born during the voyage to America, but more probably was born at New Rochelle in 1692. He died at New Rochelle in 1766. His son Isaac (2nd) was born at New Rochelle in 1720 and died there in 1784. This Isaac had a son, also Isaac, the grandfather of Dr. John A. Guion, who was born in New Rochelle in March, 1740; he it was, the first of the name, who came to North Carolina, where he established himself in the practice of medicine.. He married Ferebe Pugh Williams, who was born at Fort Barnwell in Craven County, 26th of May, 1746. At the time of this marriage she was a widow, Mrs. Lee, and one of her daughters, Sallie Lee, became the wife of John Haywood, Treasurer of the State from 1787 to 1827. Sarah Lee Haywood died in February, 1791, and lies buried in the churchyard of Christ Church, New Bern, where was the main aisle of the old Church of Colonial days.&#13;
Isaac Guion settled first on White Oak River in Onslow County, from whence he removed with his wife to New Bern. By this marriage there were five children, of whom two, Isaac Lee and Elizabeth Pugh (Mrs. Francis Hawks) were born in Onslow County, and three were natives of New Bern, viz. Ann Maria (Mrs. Hugh Jones); John Williams, the father of Dr. John A. Guion; and Margaret Sarah (Mrs. Andrew Scott).&#13;
&#13;
Isaac Guion with Edward Starkey, and others, represented the County of Onslow in the Provincial Congress that met in Hillsboro, the 21st of August, 1775. This Congress made active preparation for the war of the Revolution, then just at its beginning, and organized the first Continental troops of the North Carolina Line, to the 1st Regiment of which (Col. James Moore) Isaac Guion was appointed Surgeon, his commission bearing date 1st September, 1775. On the 11th of December, 1776, he was appointed Commissary of the 9th Regiment of Continentals,--of which his relative, John Pugh Williams, was Colonel, and in March, 1777, he was transferred to the 7th Regiment, (Col. James Hogun,) as Paymaster, in which capacity he served until July, 1778, when the regiments of the North Carolina Line were reduced in number and consolidated. It is worthy of note that his cousin of the same name, Isaac Guion of the New Rochelle family, also served as a Continental officer, having been in the New York Line throughout the war of our Revolution, and afterwards in the United States army.&#13;
&#13;
The Provincial Congress of August, 1775, of which Isaac Guion was a member, was a very able body, and one that legislated wisely and well in very troublous times. Against it Gov. Josiah Martin, from his safe retreat on board the man-of-war “Cruizer”, in the Cape Fear River, fulminated his wrathful proclamation of August 8th, 1775, in which he forbade the assembling of the Congress, and denounced it as “one of the black artifices of falsehood and sedition.” The Congress returned the compliment by ordering the document to be burned by the public hangman, styling it “a false, scurrilous, malicious and seditious libel.”&#13;
&#13;
Gov. Martin was much exercised, too, about this time, on account of the actions of the citizens of New Bern, and in the same proclamation complains of “treasonable proceedings, of an infamous Committee at New Bern, at the head of a body of armed men, in seizing and carrying off six pieces of artillery, the property of the King, that lay behind the Palace at that place, repeated insults and violences offered to His Majesty's Subjects, by these little tyrannical and Arbitrary Combinations.”&#13;
&#13;
Towards the end of the Revolution Isaac Guion settled in New Bern. In 1789, by Act of Assembly, he was appointed a Vestryman--­Church warden as he is called in the Act (Chap. 32)--of Christ Church, with Richard Dobbs Spaight, Major John Daves and six others, and in the years 1793 and 1795 he represented the town,--then entitled to borough representation,--in the General Assembly.&#13;
&#13;
In May, 1803, Isaac Guion died, in the 64th year of his age,--his wife, Ferebe, surviving him until February l0th, 1811, when she died in her 65th year.&#13;
&#13;
John Williams Guion, father of Dr. John A. Guion, was born in New Bern the 14th February, 1783. On the 15th December, 1811, he married in New Bern, Mary Wade, born in Craven County, l0th June, 1790,--daughter of Captain Amos Wade and Hannah Shine, his wife. Mrs. Mary Wade Guion died December 12th, 1818, at the early age of 28. She was a woman of great piety and abounding in good works. It is a fact of interest in connection with her funeral, though then not unusual, that her pall-bearers were of both sexes: Stephen B. Forbes and wife, John Coart and wife, Wm. Taylor and wife, Wm. Hollister and wife, Mrs. Benners Vail and Mrs. Green Bryan. So at the funeral of Mrs. Mary McKinlay, as late as October, 1840, the pall-bearers were Mrs. Vail, Mrs. Snead, Mrs. Backus, Mrs. Blount, Mrs. Custis and Mrs. Coart.&#13;
&#13;
On the 23rd of July, 1820, John Williams Guion married a second wife, Mary Tilman of Craven County, who was born 23rd July, 1787, and died in New Bern, l0th June, 1856, outliving her husband, who died 17th July, 1840.&#13;
&#13;
For many years John Williams Guion was prominent in business circles in New Bern, and as a Bank officer. Three children of his first marriage attained years of maturity, viz: Haywood Williams, who was born in New Bern, 9th June, 1814, and died in Charlotte, N.C., 19th July, 1876; John Amos, the subject of this sketch, born in New Bern the 22nd September, 1816, and died as above stated; and Isaac, born in New Bern, 19th October, 1818, where he died April 30th, 1845. Of his second marriage five children were born to John Williams Guion,--Tilman Henry, Ferebe Eliza (Mrs. John Justice), Mary Jane, Benjamin Simmons, and Alexander Henderson, all of whom are now (March, 1894), dead,--the last two, Colonel Tilman Henry Guion, and Benjamin Simmons Guion, having died on the 22nd of January, 1876, and the 9th of November, 1893, respectively.&#13;
&#13;
The childhood and youth of John A. Guion were passed in New Bern, his early education having been at the New Bern Academy tinder the tuition of Alonzo Attmore, to whom, and to his famous “Lancastrian” system, so many owed their thorough training. It is a common remark that it was the exception to find among Mr. Attmore’s pupils one who was not well versed in all studies pursued, especially in the accomplishment of correct spelling.&#13;
&#13;
At the age of 16 John A. Guion went to Tripoli as Private Secretary to D. S. McCauley, who was Consul there of the United States. There he was stationed for about two years in the discharge of the duties of his position, and on his return to this country, having determined to devote himself to the study of medicine, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Philadelphia, where, in 1837, he was graduated with distinction, and shortly after, when he was but 21 years of age, he was awarded, after a rigid competitive examination, the posi­tion of Assistant Surgeon in the United States Navy, a position he filled most acceptably until 1843, when he resigned to return to his native town to practice his profession. Dr. Guion improved to the utmost the unusual opportunities and advantages afforded by his residence in the Mediterranean Ports, and by his various cruises made while in the Navy. To other acquirements, he added that of an accomplished linguist. Besides the European languages, he became quite fluent in Arabic, a language soft and musical as spoken by him.&#13;
&#13;
On the 14th of March, 1843, John A. Guion married Susan Sydney, born 24th July, 1823, oldest daughter of John M. Roberts of New Bern, and Mary E. Jones, his wife, a lady eminent for good deeds, of exemplary piety, zeal and earnestness, who was much beloved, and to her husband a helpmeet indeed. Mrs. Guion died in New Bern the 26th, of February, 1880, in the 57th year of her age. Of this marriage seven children, four sons and three daughters, survived their parents, five of whom still live in New Bern. Another son attained the age of manhood but died before his father.&#13;
&#13;
A few years after his marriage Dr. Guion, in partnership with the late Edward R. Stanly, established a factory in New Bern, on the present site of the passenger station of the Atlantic &amp; North Carolina R.R., for the manufacture of woollen cloth. This, about 1855, was converted into a cotton mill, and was afterwards transferred to East Front Street  to about where the Fertilizer Factory now stands. Here he remained until 1859, when he was appointed Cashier of the Bank of Commerce, then just established in New Bern, a position held by him during the existence of that institution. In charge of the effects of the bank,--he went,in 1862, when New Bern was occupied by the Federal forces, to Burlington. N.C., then called Company’s Shops, where he lived during the continuance of the late war. Returning to New Bern at the close of the war, he resumed the banking business in partnership with the late Israel Disosway, in which he continued until 1869, when he accepted an appointment as Cashier of the National Bank of New Bern, a corporation to which his experience and able management contributed greatly to rescue from financial embarrassments. As, cash­ier he continued to serve until August l0th, 1886, when he was disabled by a paralytic stroke, and shortly after resigned. In process of time Dr. Guion recovered in great measure from this severe attack, but was never fully restored to his accustomed robust health. Thereafter he lived a retired life, confining himself for the most part to his home circle. In active business he mingled but little, except so far as required by his duties as Commissioner of the Sinking Fund of Craven County, and Trustee of the New Bern Academy, which he continued to discharge up to the time of his death. For many years he was a Vestryman of Christ Church, as his father and grandfather had been before him, and in 1871 when the church building was burned, he was active and efficient in aiding to procure means for its rebuilding. He took great pleasure in gardening, in which he was an adept and very successful. The writer of this remembers to have heard him say many years ago, --long before the era of truck-farming hereabouts,--that early cabbage, which many then said could not be made to “head” in this latitude, could be profitably grown here, and the experience of our truck-farmers of late years abundantly verifies the correctness of his statement.&#13;
&#13;
At the last Fair of our Fish, Game and Oyster Association, held in February, 1894, Dr. Guion was a frequent and an interested atten­dant. Probably his last official act was, as chairman of the judges, to award the prizes in the department of Archaeology at that Fair; and in that capacity, as in every other, he left the pleasant impress upon those with whom he was brought in contact, of his excellent judgment, his great consideration and  unfailing courtesy. It was the privilege of the writer to be associated with him there, and he little thought that so soon would pass peacefully to his rest this warm friend, wise counsellor and honored citizen.  &#13;
&#13;
“He will move onward to the eternal hills,&#13;
His foot unwearied, and his strength renewed,&#13;
Like the strong eagle’s for the upward flight.”&#13;
GRAHAM DAVES.&#13;
NEW BERN, N.C.</text>
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                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                    <text>A Sketch of the Military Career of Captain John Daves of the North Carolina Continental Line of the Army of the Revolution Together With Some Facts of Local and Family History</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains a variety of items from the Kellenberger Room about the Revolutionary War era. Included are books about the period as well as biographies of leading figures. Programs and souvenirs of past celebrations from the Bicentennial celebration are also presented. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Be sure to check the tag "&lt;a href="https://kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/items/browse?tags=America%27s+250th"&gt;America's 250th&lt;/a&gt;" to find other items not listed in the main collection.</text>
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                <text>A Sketch of the Military Career of Captain John Daves of the North Carolina Continental Line of the Army of the Revolution Together With Some Facts of Local and Family History</text>
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                <text>Press of the Friedenwald Co.</text>
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                <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library is required for any commercial use.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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                    <text>Click image for a more detailed look.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
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                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
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                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
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                  <text>eng</text>
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                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Money</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
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              <text>OH: 9 1/8” (13.0 cm); OW: 3 9/16” (9.0 cm)</text>
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                <text>Uncut NC 1780 $25 and $100</text>
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                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bills of Credit value twenty-five dollars and one hundred dollars</text>
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                <text>Two typeset Bills of Credit issued by North Carolina with borders all around; wider borders on sides and top. (Top) Printed text (obverse): “DEATH TO COUNTERFEIT./ One Hundred/ DOLLARS. No 5512/ STATE of NORTH CAROLINA. / This bill intitles [sic] the Bearer to receive/ One Hundred Spanish mill’d Dollars, / or the value thereof in Gold or Silver, agreeable to an Act of Assembly passed/ at Newbern the 10th Day of May 1780.” In lower left corner: “Fortis cadère cedere/ non potest (a brave man cannot fail).”On left border: “North Carolina Currency.” On right border: “one hundred dollars.” Ink signatures: “Jas Coor.” Reverse: “100 Dollars./ Printed by J A. DAVIS,/ 1780.” (Bottom) Printed text (obverse): “North Carolina Currency./ TWENTY FIVE DOLLARS./ No 5512 / State of North Carolina./ This Bill intitles [sic] the Bearer to receive twenty/ five Spanish mill’d Dollars, or the Value thereof/ in Gold or Silver, agreeable to an Act of Assem/ bly passed at Newbern this 10th Day of May,/ 1780.” In lower left corner: “Quid non virtute/ efficiendum. (What is not to be accomplished by virtue).” On left border: “Death to Counterfeit.” Right border: “Twenty Five dollars.” Ink signature: Jas. Coor.” Reverse: “XXV DOLLARS/ Printed by James Davis,/ 1780.”</text>
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                <text>Davis, James</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5922">
                <text>Toon, Pauline</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5923">
                <text>Davis, James</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5924">
                <text>1780</text>
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                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5926">
                <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library is required for any commercial use.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>OH: 9 1/8” (13.0 cm); OW: 3 9/16” (9.0 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5929">
                <text>Money</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5930">
                <text>TP.1961.033.001</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                <text>North Carolina</text>
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        <name>America's 250th</name>
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                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5909">
                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5912">
                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5913">
                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5916">
                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5917">
                  <text>North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="6007">
                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5940">
              <text>Money</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5957">
              <text>OH: 2 ½” (6.2 cm); OW:  4” (10.2 cm)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5939">
                <text>NC 1771 3 Pounds</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5941">
                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Debenture Bill value three pounds</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5942">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;Engraved three-pound Debenture Bill issued by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;North Carolina. Printed from engraved copper plate with scroll and flower border on left edge and a vignette showing the magna charta in lower left corner. Printed inscription: “3£ THREE POUNDS. N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 1771/ The Province of North Carolina/ is indebted to the Possessor hereof / Three Pounds Proc[lamation] Money to be paid/ out of the Public Treasury according/ to Act of Assembly passed Dec&lt;sup&gt;br&lt;/sup&gt; 1771.” Ink signatures on obverse: “J Rutherfurd, John Harvey/ R&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt; Caswell.” Ink signatures on the reverse: “Montfort” and numerous other inscriptions written over one another.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5943">
                <text>£60,000 in Debenture Bills was issued pursuant to the December 1771 Act of the Assembly. The bills were payable in Proclamation Money. Joseph Montfort was the Treasurer of the Northern District of North Carolina and his signature often appears on the reverse of this issue of bills.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Davis, James</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5945">
                <text>Purchase</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5946">
                <text>James Davis</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5947">
                <text>1771</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5948">
                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5949">
                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5950">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5951">
                <text>OH: 2 ½” (6.2 cm); OW:  4” (10.2 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5952">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5955">
                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5956">
                <text>TP.1986.021.001</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5958">
                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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        <name>America's 250th</name>
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        <name>Vignette: Mottoes</name>
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              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="5980">
                    <text>NC 1771 5 Pounds, front</text>
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                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>NC 1771 5 Pounds, reverse</text>
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                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5909">
                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5910">
                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5912">
                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5913">
                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5916">
                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5917">
                  <text>North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6007">
                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5978">
              <text>Money</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5979">
              <text>OH: 2 5/8” (6.6 cm); OW:  4” (10.0 cm)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>NC 1771 5 Pounds</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5962">
                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Debenture Bill value five pounds</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5963">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;Engraved five-pound Debenture Bill issued by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;North Carolina. Printed from engraved copper plate with scroll border on left edge and a vignette showing a drum, cannons and flags in lower left corner. Printed inscription: “5&lt;i&gt;£&lt;/i&gt; FIVE POUNDS. N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 399/ The Province of North Carolina/ is indebted to the Possessor hereof, / Five Pounds Proc. Money to be paid/ out of the Public Treasury according/ to Act of Assembly passed Dec&lt;sup&gt;br&lt;/sup&gt; 1771.” Ink signatures on obverse: “J Rutherfurd, John Harvey/ R&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt; Caswell.” Ink signatures on the reverse: “Montfort” “John Tucker/ to/W&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt; Digge/ to/ Coleman/ Isaac Be[illeg.]ham/ EM” and “G: Wimberly/ to/ Is. B”&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5964">
                <text>£60,000 in Debenture Bills was issued pursuant to the December 1771 Act of the Assembly. The bills were payable in Proclamation Money. Joseph Montfort was the Treasurer of the Northern District of North Carolina. His signature often appears on the reverse of this issue of bills.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5965">
                <text>Davis, James</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5966">
                <text>Purchase</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5967">
                <text>James Davis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5968">
                <text>1771</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5969">
                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5970">
                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5971">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5972">
                <text>OH: 2 5/8” (6.6 cm); OW:  4” (10.0 cm)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5973">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5974">
                <text>Money</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5975">
                <text>TP.1986.022.001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5976">
                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5977">
                <text>North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>America's 250th</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="6">
        <name>Vignette: Military</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="511" public="1" featured="0">
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      <file fileId="514">
        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/27420afa2ca32b37c4972e8a27058b8e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>747c5c3da94883c82f14fc8c9217eb65</authentication>
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              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="6003">
                    <text>NC 1776 1/4 Dollar, front</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="41">
                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="6004">
                    <text>Engraved Bill of Credit for one-fourth of a dollar issued by North Carolina with decorative borders on the top and sides and a hare in the lower left corner. Inscription: “NCarolina Currency/ No 7992/  one fourth of a dollar/ By Authority of Congress/ at Halifax April 2, 1776.” Ink signature on obverse: “D Summer.” No writing on the reverse.  </text>
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        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/7f7cbfecb316689b61241190e88d7d17.jpg</src>
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            <name>Dublin Core</name>
            <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="6005">
                    <text>NC 1776 1/4 Dollar, reverse</text>
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                </elementTextContainer>
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    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="53">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5905">
                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5906">
                  <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5907">
                  <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5908">
                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5909">
                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5910">
                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5912">
                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5913">
                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5916">
                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5917">
                  <text>North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6007">
                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6001">
              <text>Money</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6002">
              <text>OH: 2 ¼” (5.6 cm); OW: 3 1/8” (7.8 cm)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5982">
                <text>NC 1776 1/4 Dollar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5983">
                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5984">
                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5985">
                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bill of Credit value one fourth of a dollar</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5986">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;Engraved Bill of Credit for one-fourth of a dollar issued by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;North Carolina with decorative borders on the top and sides and a hare in the lower left corner. Inscription: “&lt;i&gt;NCarolina Currency/ &lt;/i&gt;N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 7992/  one fourth of a dollar/ &lt;i&gt;By Authority of Congress/ at &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Halifax April 2, 1776.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;” Ink signature on obverse: “D Summer.” No writing on the reverse. &lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5987">
                <text>An Act dated April 2, 1776, (the beginning of the session) authorized the printing of $1,250,000 (£500,000). The bills were issued in two series: $250,000 in the first dated April 2, 1776 and $1,000,000 in the second dated&#13;
&#13;
May 9, 1776. Each bill has a vignette and some contain mottoes. This design was issued in a series of 12,500 bills.  Fractional denominations are smaller than the higher denominations. Bills were signed by: Willis Alston, J. Bradford, William Haywood, G. Hill, Benjamin McCulloch, David Sumner, J. Webb, and William Williams. Some of the bills in this issue were engraved by “GL” thought to be Gabriel Lewyn, a Baltimore goldsmith. Only a few of the bills in this series have his initials.</text>
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                <text>Davis, James</text>
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                <text>Purchase</text>
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                <text>James Davis</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5994">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>OH: 2 ¼” (5.6 cm); OW: 3 1/8” (7.8 cm)</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>TP.1986.023.001</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                <text>North Carolina</text>
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        <name>America's 250th</name>
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        <name>Vignette: Animals</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
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                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>eng</text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                  <text>North Carolina</text>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="6027">
              <text>Money</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6028">
              <text>OH: 2 5/16” (6.4 cm); OW: 3 15/16” (9.8 cm)</text>
            </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6008">
                <text>NC 1776 $2-1/2</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bill of Credit value two dollars and a half</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Engraved Bill of Credit for two-dollars-and-a-half issued by North Carolina with decorative border of scroll and flowers on the left side and a vignette of a liberty cap and an altar with the inscription  “libertas &amp;amp; natale/ solum” (liberty and our native land) in the lower left corner. Inscription: “N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Carolina Currency/ N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 9110 Two Dollars &amp;amp; an half./ By &lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;Authority of Congress/ at Halifax April 2, 1776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;” Ink signature on obverse: “Webb,” “D Summer” and “W Haywood.” Inscribed in ink on reverse: “MB.”&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>An Act dated April 2, 1776, authorized the printing of $1,250,000 (£500,000) in Bills of Credit. The bills were issued in two series: $250,000 in the first, dated April 2, 1776 (the beginning of the session) and $1,000,000 in the second dated May 9, 1776. Each bill has a vignette and some also contain mottoes. Issued in a series of 10,000 bills. Fractional denominations are smaller in size than the higher denominations. Bills were signed by: Willis Alston, J. Bradford, William Haywood, G. Hill, Benjamin McCulloch, David Sumner, J. Webb, and William Williams. Some of the bills in this issue were engraved by “GL” thought to be Gabriel Lewyn, a Baltimore goldsmith. Only a few of the bills in this series have his initials.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Davis, James</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Purchase</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>James Davis</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6017">
                <text>1776</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6020">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>OH: 2 5/16” (6.4 cm)); OW: 3 15/16” (9.8 cm)</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6024">
                <text>TP.1986.024.001</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6026">
                <text>North Carolina</text>
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        <name>America's 250th</name>
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  <item itemId="513" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/49ff74f7c00b9a67892e684190909bf9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b527cf9167703384101623f8888eaab9</authentication>
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              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>NC 1776 $3, front</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>2002</text>
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                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
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                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
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              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
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                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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                  <text>North Carolina</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Money</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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              <text>OH: 2 3/8” (6.0 cm)); OW: 3 ¼” (8.3 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>NC 1776 $3</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bill of Credit value three dollars</text>
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                <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Engraved Bill of Credit issued by&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina with decorative scroll on the left side, an alligator at the top and an a vignette of a beaver in the lower left corner. Inscription: “N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Carolina Currency/ N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;6027&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Three Dollars/&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;By&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Authority of Congress/ at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Halifax&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;April 2, 1776.&lt;/em&gt;”Along right border “&lt;em&gt;three dollars.&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Ink signature on obverse: “D Summer”/ “W Haywood” and “W&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Williams.” Inscribed in ink on reverse: “GF[illegible] Very&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>An Act dated April 2, 1776, authorized the printing of $1,250,000 (£500,000) in Bills of Credit. The bills were issued in two series: $250,000 in the first, dated April 2, 1776 (the beginning of the session) and $1,000,000 in the second dated May 9, 1776. Each bill has a vignette and some also contain mottoes. Issued in a series of 10,000 bills. Fractional denominations are smaller in size than the higher denominations. Bills were signed by: Willis Alston, J. Bradford, William Haywood, G. Hill, Benjamin McCulloch, David Sumner, J. Webb, and William Williams. Some of the bills in this issue were engraved by “GL” thought to be Gabriel Lewyn, a Baltimore goldsmith. Only a few of the bills in this series have his initials.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Davis, James</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6034">
                <text>Purchase</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6035">
                <text>James Davis</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6036">
                <text>1776</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6037">
                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6038">
                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6039">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6040">
                <text>OH: 2 3/8” (6.0 cm)); OW: 3 ¼” (8.3 cm)</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6041">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Money</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6043">
                <text>TP.1986.025.001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6044">
                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6045">
                <text>North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6048">
                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6049">
                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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        <name>America's 250th</name>
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        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/99373b12c2c4aae376fac64504209ea9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c61e8d7c9e8311dd032bd5d256775976</authentication>
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              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>NC 1776 $4, front</text>
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              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>NC 1776 $4, reverse</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens&#13;
</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5907">
                  <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5908">
                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5909">
                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5910">
                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5912">
                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5913">
                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5916">
                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5917">
                  <text>North Carolina</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6007">
                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6071">
              <text>Money</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="6072">
              <text>OH: 2 3/8” (6.0 cm); OW: 3 3/16” (8.1 cm)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6052">
                <text>NC 1776 $4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6053">
                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6055">
                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bill of Credit value four dollars</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6056">
                <text>Engraved Bill of Credit issued by North Carolina with decorative border on right side, plain border on left side with inscription “four dollars”, vignette of sheaf of wheat in lower left corner. Inscription: “death to counterfeit / No Carolina Currency/ No [blank] Four Dollars/ By Authority of Congress/ at Halifax April 2, 1776.” Ink signature on obverse: “Webb” and “Sumner” and one [illegible]. Reverse: blank. Vertical crease down the middle.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6057">
                <text>An Act dated April 2, 1776, authorized the printing of $1,250,000 (£500,000) in Bills of Credit. The bills were issued in two series: $250,000 in the first, dated April 2, 1776 (the beginning of the session) and $1,000,000 in the second dated May 9, 1776. Each bill has a vignette and some also contain mottoes. Issued in a series of 10,000 bills. This denomination was subject to counterfeit. Fractional denominations are smaller in size than the higher denominations. Bills were signed by: Willis Alston, J. Bradford, William Haywood, G. Hill, Benjamin McCulloch, David Sumner, J. Webb, and William Williams. Some of the bills in this issue were engraved by “GL” thought to be Gabriel Lewyn, a Baltimore goldsmith. Only a few of the bills in this series have his initials.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6058">
                <text>Davis, James</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6059">
                <text>Purchase</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6060">
                <text>James Davis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6061">
                <text>1776</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6062">
                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6063">
                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6064">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6065">
                <text>OH: 2 3/8” (6.0 cm); OW: 3 3/16” (8.1 cm)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6066">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6067">
                <text>Money</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6068">
                <text>TP.1986.027.001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6069">
                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6070">
                <text>North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>America's 250th</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>Vignette: Mottoes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>Vignette: Plants</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="515" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="522">
        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/e9ab7281c4fa21cdbd54ba9a01362945.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b8a9843f02db87256ddaf9e570ea59e5</authentication>
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      <file fileId="523">
        <src>https://www.kellenberger.mycprl.org/digital/files/original/270d4fad8b774a64176d5fcdc73c7ba1.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f8573742d8fedc01f169d5000401668b</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="53">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5905">
                  <text>North Carolina Paper Currency</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5906">
                  <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5907">
                  <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5908">
                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;During the Colonial Period, the scarcity of specie (coin) in&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina constituted a major problem. Settlers arrived with little hard currency and the limited trade of the province brought in inadequate amounts of coin. Since little or no gold, silver or copper (the raw materials for coins) was mined in the colony, the chief form of exchange for most of the Colonial Period was the barter of commodities—tobacco, corn, wheat, tallow, skins, pitch, whale oil, pork and beef, etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Paper currency was treated with some suspicion. During the Colonial Period, it was frequently issued to finance or pay off debts incurred by military expeditions. The 1748 issue, for example, paid for constructing forts at&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cape&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Fear&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;and Ocracoke for protection of the coastal area from Spanish attacks. Unlike specie, paper currency was subject to counterfeiting, depreciation of face value and inflation. It wasn’t easy to convince Americans to accept the early paper currency. To encourage them, famous and respected men were recruited to sign the front of the bills by hand. The signatures on the reverse often signified a guarantee of payment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The individual most closely associated with&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;North Carolina currency was New Bern printer James Davis (1721-1785). Born and trained in Virginia, Davis came to North Carolina in 1749 to fill the post of public printer, an office created that year by the Assembly to print a revisal of the colony’s laws. Davis opened a print shop in New Bern, first on Pollock Street and later on Broad Street. His first job was printing currency for the province—probably the Bills of Credit authorized by the Assembly on April 4&lt;sup&gt;th,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1748. In his capacity as public printer for North Carolina, Davis printed the succeeding issues of currency (1754, 1757/58, ______1774). While much of his work was of an official nature, Davis is credited with publishing the first North Carolina imprint. During his nearly thirty-three years as public printer, he printed at least one hundred titles. He also published a variety of other material including North Carolina’s first newspaper,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;North Carolina Gazette.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In 1782 he relinquished his position as public printer to his son Thomas.&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This project is supported with federal &lt;/span&gt;LSTA&lt;span&gt; funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the &lt;/span&gt;State Library of North Carolina&lt;span&gt;, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources through the North Carolina ECHO, 'Exploring Cultural Heritage Online' Digitization Grant Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5909">
                  <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5910">
                  <text>Knight, Dean</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="6006">
                  <text>Jones, Victor T.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5911">
                  <text>2002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5912">
                  <text>Tryon Palace Historic Sites</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5913">
                  <text>Craven-Pamlico Regional Library</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5914">
                  <text>This item is presented courtesy of the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and Tryon Palace Historic Sites for research and educational purposes. Prior permission from the New Bern-Craven County Public Library and/or Tryon Palace Historic Sites is required for any commercial use.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5915">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5916">
                  <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5917">
                  <text>North Carolina</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6007">
                  <text>Money</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6094">
              <text>Money</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6095">
              <text>OH: 2 ¼” (5.5 cm); OW: 3 ¼” (8.3 cm)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6075">
                <text>NC 1776 $4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6076">
                <text>Money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6077">
                <text>Paper money--North Carolina--Specimens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6078">
                <text>North Carolina paper currency, Bill of Credit value four dollars</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6079">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;Engraved four-dollar Bill of Credit issued by North Carolina with decorative borders on top and right side, plain border on left side with inscription “&lt;i&gt;four dollars&lt;/i&gt;”, vignette of bee in lower left corner. Inscription: “N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Carolina Currency/ N&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 991  Four Dollars/ &lt;i&gt;By&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;Authority of Congress/ at &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Halifax April 2, 1776.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;” Ink signature on obverse: “W Haywood”/ “W&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt; Williams” and “Webb.” Reverse: blank.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6080">
                <text>An Act dated April 2, 1776, authorized the printing of $1,250,000 (£500,000) in Bills of Credit. The bills were issued in two series: $250,000 in the first, dated April 2, 1776 (the beginning of the session) and $1,000,000 in the second dated May 9, 1776. Each bill has a vignette and some also contain mottoes. Issued in a series of 10,000 bills.  Bills in this design were also counterfeited. Fractional denominations are smaller in size than the higher denominations. Bills were signed by: Willis Alston, J. Bradford, William Haywood, G. Hill, Benjamin McCulloch, David Sumner, J. Webb, and William Williams. Some of the bills in this issue were engraved by “GL” thought to be Gabriel Lewyn, a Baltimore goldsmith. Only a few of the bills in this series have his initials.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6081">
                <text>Davis, James</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6082">
                <text>Purchase</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6083">
                <text>James Davis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6084">
                <text>1776</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6085">
                <text>Richards, Nancy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6086">
                <text>Knight, Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6087">
                <text>Permission to use the photograph must be obtained in writing from Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina. It must be accompanied by the caption” From the collection of Tryon Palace Historic Sites &amp; Gardens, New Bern, North Carolina; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archive and History.”</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6088">
                <text>OH: 2 ¼” (5.5 cm); OW: 3 ¼” (8.3 cm)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6089">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6090">
                <text>Money</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6091">
                <text>TP.1986.026.001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6092">
                <text>New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6093">
                <text>North Carolina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>America's 250th</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Vignette: Animals</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
